New Testament Summary

Dr. Gail E. Terrell
Pastor, Grace Baptist Church, Hamilton, Ohio

The Four Gospels (life of Christ summary)

  1. Birth and Childhood (age 1-12 years) with flight into Egypt, home at Nazareth, visit to Jerusalem; nothing more known of Christ’s life from 12 years old to adulthood;
  2. Judean Ministry (12 months), public ministry begins at adulthood (age 30 years by Jewish custom), baptism, temptation by Satan, first disciples, first miracle – wedding in Cana, first Passover;
  3. Great Galilean Ministry (18 months) – most of the miracles and parables, headquarters at Capernaum, choosing of the 12 apostles, Sermon on the Mount, first tour of Galilee, trip to Jerusalem, second and third tour of Galilee, beheading of John the Baptist;
  4. Ministry of Withdrawals (6 months) – across the Sea of Galilee and feeding of 5000 people, into Phoenicia and healing of daughter of Gentile woman, into Decapolis and feeding 4000 people, into Caesarea-Philippi with His newly established church (cf., I Corinthians 12:28):
  5. Perean Ministry (6 months) – leaving Galilee and sending the 70 disciples, 3 trips into Jerusalem with the meeting of Martha and Mary and the raising of Lazarus, quiet time in Ephraim, advancing toward Jerusalem and meeting with rich young ruler, into Jericho with healing of blind Bartimaeus and meeting of Zacchaeus, rest in Bethany;
  6. Jesus’ Last Week in Jerusalem, His trial, crucifixion, and resurrection;
  7. Forty Days’ Appearances after the resurrection.

The first three Gospels are called synoptic because they are parallel accounts of the life of Christ.   John describes many events not mentioned in the other three Gospels.

Matthew – by the apostle Matthew, a former tax collector, emphasizes Jesus as promised King of Kings:   (1-2) birth of the Messiah, Jesus Christ, His royal lineage through Joseph, flight into Egypt; (3-18) great Galilean ministry and ministry of withdrawals; (19-20) Perean ministry; (21-28) last days, death, resurrection and appearances of Jesus, and commissioning of the Lord’s church.

Mark – by John Mark, Peter’s helper; emphasizes Jesus as the Servant of God and His deeds of service:   (1-9) great Galilean ministry, ministry of withdrawals; (10) Perean ministry; (11-16) last days, death, resurrection of Jesus.

Luke – by Luke, Paul’s physician/helper; emphasizes Jesus as perfect Man without sin:   (1-2) birth of Jesus, human lineage through Mary; (3-9) great Galilean ministry, ministry of withdrawals; (10-19) Perean ministry; (20-24) last days, death, resurrection and appearances of Jesus.

John – by the apostle John, emphasizes Jesus as the Son of God, a person of the Godhead revealed in the flesh of humanity; almost half of John concerns the last days of Christ before the crucifixion:   (1-5) Judean ministry; (6) withdrawal across the Sea of Galilee; (7-11) Perean ministry; (12-21) the last days, death, resurrection and appearances of Jesus.

Acts of the Holy Spirit (history)

Acts – acts of the Holy Spirit during 33 years from Christ’s ascension to Paul’s 1 st Roman imprisonment; written by Luke, physician/helper of Paul:   (1-12) empowering of the church, ministries of Peter and others; (13-28) life of Paul and his 3 missionary journeys.   Paul’s epistles written as follows (cf., Acts 13-28):   (1) 2nd missionary journey – I, II Thessaloniansfrom Corinth; (2) 3rd missionary journey – I Corinthians from Ephesus, II Corinthians from Macedonia, Galatians and Romans from Corinth; (3) 1st Roman captivity – Philemon, Colossians, Ephesians, Philippians, and Hebrews; (4) freedom – I Timothy in Macedonia and Titus in Ephesus; (5) 2nd Roman captivity – II Timothy and death.

Epistles of Paul – 14 Books

Romans – to the church at Rome, summarizes gospel and major Biblical doctrines:   (1-8) doctrinal summary emphasizing justification by faith; (9-11) promises to Israel, God’s chosen people; (12-16) practical applications.

I Corinthians – to correct errors in the church at Corinth:   (1-4) improper divisions, (5) church discipline, (6) civil law and purity, (7) marriage, (8-11) Christian liberty, (12-14) spiritual gifts, (15) the resurrection, (16) help for needy saints and encouragement for all.

II Corinthians – to the church at Corinth:   (1-7) the true gospel ministry and principles for action, (8-9) giving to help others in need, (10-13) Paul’s apostolic authority.

Galatians – to churches of Galatia; emphasizes salvation by God’s grace rather than by man’s obedience to the law, opposes Judaizers similar to Seventh Day Adventists:   (1-2) Paul’s apostolic authority, (3-4) justification by faith, (5-6) instructions for practical living.

Ephesians – to the church at Ephesus emphasizing need to serve Christ through union with one of the Lord’s churches:   (1-3) God’s sovereignty and believer’s security in Christ; (4-5) believer’s faithfulness and service in the body of Christ, His church; (6) Christian family and believer’s warfare.

Philippians – to the faithful Philippi church:   (1) joy triumphing over suffering, (2) joy in sacrificial service to Christ, (3) joy of faith in Christ, (4) joy in the peace of God.

Colossians – to the church at Colosse stressing deity and humanity of Christ, and opposing Gnosticism (false mysticism):   (1) exaltation of Christ, (2) warning against error, (3) new life in Christ, (4) fellowship in Christ.

I Thessalonians – to the church at Thessalonica concerning:   (1-3) activities in the church, (4-5) the Christian life in view of the imminent return of Christ.

II Thessalonians – to the church at Thessalonica, instructions concerning:   (1) persecutions, (2) the coming of Christ, (3) encouragements to serve until Christ returns.

I Timothy – 1st of 3 Pastoral Epistles, to Timothy, pastor of church at Ephesus:   (1) warns against false teachers, (2-6) instructs in doctrine and church government.

II Timothy – 2nd of the 3 Pastoral Epistles, to Timothy, pastor of church at Ephesus:   (1) describes the true minister of Christ, (2) encourages to be a good soldier of Jesus Christ, (3-4) warns of apostasy in last days and encourages use of God’s Word to correct all error.

Titus – 3rd of the 3 Pastoral Epistles, to Titus, pastor of church at Crete, emphasizes:   (1) qualifications of elders, warning against false teachers; (2-3) instructions for church members, sound doctrine as guide for godly life.

Philemon – to Philemon, wealthy Christian at Colosse; Paul intercedes for Onesimus, a runaway slave who became a Christian and helped Paul; encourages leaders and servants to treat each other with love.

Hebrews – probably written by Paul to answer questions of Jewish Christians and all who study the Old Testament:   (1-4) glory of Christ better than Old Testament types and examples, (5-10) glory of the priesthood of Christ as the Son of God, (11-13) the worship and walk of the faithful.

General Epistles – 7 Books

James – probably written by the half-brother of Jesus; emphasizes that true faith produces works of righteousness:   (1-2) faith tested, (3) difficulty controlling the tongue, (4) warnings against worldliness, (5) warnings to the rich and the encouragement of Christ’s return.

I Peterby the apostle; warns and comforts suffering Christians attacked by non-Christians:   (1) joy even in suffering, (2-3) holiness in suffering, (4) new life in Christ.

II Peterby the apostle; warns Christians about false teachers already among them:   (1) Christian virtue and the Scriptures; (2) warnings concerning false teachers; (3) warnings against scoffers who deny the creation, the world-wide flood of Noah, and the coming of Christ.

I John – by the apostle; opposes Gnosticism, spirit-mysticism similar to today’s Christian-Science who deny physical reality, and emphasizes:   (1) reality of the deity and humanity of Christ, fellowship, and forgiveness; (2-3) abiding light and love in Christ, our Advocate with God; (4) false teachers, Christian love for the brethren; (5) faith victorious that overcomes the world.

II John – by the apostle; warns against compromise with error, encourages to guard truth with love.

III John – by the apostle; warns against church bosses like Diotrephes who refuse fellowship with servants of God.

Jude – probably written by half-brother of Jesus; warns against false doctrine, and encourages Christians to earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.

Prophecy – 1 Book

Revelation – by the apostle John, reveals:   (1) the vision of the glorious Christ, (2-3) letters of instruction to seven churches, (4-22) future events yet to be fulfilled ending in the Great White Throne Judgment of the unsaved and the eternal state of the redeemed in Christ.